The laser, a light source invented in the 1960s, is the radiation produced by the amplification of the light emitted by the laser. The original Chinese name of Laser is called "Laser", while the English name "laser" is a transliteration. Laser cutting is a laser beam emitted by a laser generator, which is focused into a laser beam irradiation condition with high power density through an external power supply system. When the laser heat is absorbed by the workpiece material, the workpiece temperature will rise sharply. When the boiling point is reached, the material begins to vaporize, forming holes. As the relative position of the beam and the workpiece moves, the material eventually forms a slit. Cutting process parameters (such as cutting speed, laser power, gas pressure, etc.) and running trajectory are controlled by the numerical control system.
In recent years, the role of laser technology in industrial production has become increasingly prominent. With the acceleration of the transformation of China's manufacturing industry to high-end and intelligent, the traditional processing technology has been difficult to meet the market's requirements for higher production efficiency and precision. Laser technology has become an indispensable processing tool in high-end manufacturing with its advantages of high efficiency, low consumables, small material deformation and strong adaptability to processing objects. With the more and more extensive application of laser processing technology in the field of metal processing, laser processing technology is also facing higher technical requirements in the market. Especially in the field of laser cutting, the material and thickness of the plate greatly limits labor productivity, which requires more intelligent cutting equipment and reasonable design.
In many industrial applications, the laser cutting market occupies the most important share. With the popularity of fiber lasers and the increase in plate processing demand, high-power laser cutting machines have gradually become the new darling of the market because of their obvious advantages. Compared with small and medium-sized power laser cutting machines, high-power laser cutting machines with the same thickness are more efficient. In addition, with the substantial increase in power, the cutting process has also been revolutionary upgraded, not only to ensure the cutting efficiency, but also greatly reduce the user's processing costs, while solving the "thick carbon steel plate production instability" and other long-standing problems.
Laser cutting machine is mainly composed of laser emitter, cutting head, beam transmission components, machine table, numerical control system, computer (hardware and software), cooler, protective gas cylinder, dust collector, air dryer and other components.
A laser generator is a device that generates a laser light source. For the use of laser cutting, in addition to a few occasions of YAG solid lasers, most of the use of electro-optical conversion efficiency, large power output of CO2 gas lasers. Because laser cutting requires high beam quality, not all lasers can be used for cutting.
The cutting head includes a main nozzle, a focusing lens, a focusing tracking system, etc. In it, the collimating element concentrates the astigmatism from the fiber and straightens or collimates it. The focusing component is placed in the body to focus the collimated parallel laser beam, and the focusing position can be changed through the focusing part of the focusing component to meet the requirements of cutting plates of different materials and thicknesses. The protective mirror box is used to isolate the external optical path from the inner optical path of the cutting head, ensure the sealing of the optical path, prevent dust and impurities from entering the optical path, and extend the service life of the optical fiber cutting head. The sensor and control box reliably keep the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece surface stable for a long time, thus guaranteeing the best cutting quality. The cutting nozzle is installed at the front end of the cutting head and is the M-channel for the laser beam and the paving gas. After the auxiliary gas is cut through the nozzle cavity, a high-speed airflow is formed. Blow away the molten material to achieve the purpose of cutting.
